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National

Short Article

25-08-2022 | 13:21 PM

World's Highest Railway Bridge in J&K

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• 'Golden Joint' of the Chenab railway bridge was inaugurated recently, which is the World's highest railway bridge.

• Once finished, the bridge will be 35m higher than the Eiffel Tower.

• To commemorate 'Azadi Ka Amrit Mahotsav', the world's highest bridge in Reasi district of Jammu and Kashmir was decked up with the Tricolor by the workers on this occasion.

• The 'Super Arch Bridge' on Chenab has been designed to withstand winds of up to 100kmph and has a 120-year lifespan.

• The project is part of the ambitious 272-km long railway line from Udhampur to Baramulla joining Jammu with the Kashmir valley as an all-weather high-speed alternative, named the 'Udhampur-Srinagar-Baramulla Rail Link Project'.

• The height of the bridge (from the river bed to the formation) is 359m while the main arch span is 467m with a total steel fabrication of approximately 28,660MT.

• To ensure quality and safety, a National Accreditation Board for Testing and Calibration Laboratories (NABL) laboratory was set up.

• NABL monitored quality at all stages, weld sample tests, etc, saving huge time, and NR permitted the use of a Phased Array Ultrasonic Testing Machine to inspect welds for the first time in the country.

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Short Article

08-07-2022 | 15:54 PM

Bharat NCAP: India's First Car Crash Rating

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• The Transport Ministry has proposed a star rating mechanism to assess the crash safety of cars.
• The new Bharat New Car Assessment Programme (NCAP), which proposes a mechanism of awarding 'Star Ratings' to automobiles based upon their performance in crash tests, will be rolled out from April 1, 2023.

About Bharat NCAP

• Bharat NCAP will be the new car safety assessment programme for cars that are produced and sold in India.
• The assessment programme proposes a mechanism for rewarding 'Star Ratings' to vehicles on the basis of their performance at a crash test facility.
• The proposed assessment will rate by giving a star rating  of 1 to 5.

Key Features of New rating

• The Bharat New Car Assessment Programme will be applicable for all vehicles falling in M1 category that have a weight less than 3.5 tonnes and have a seating capacity of less than 9 occupants.
• Bharat NCAP rating will provide consumers an indication of the level of protection offered to occupants by evaluating the vehicle in the areas of -- adult occupant protection, child occupant protection and safety assist technologies.

• The testing protocol of Bharat NCAP shall be aligned with global crash-test protocols factoring in the existing.

Significance

• Bharat New Car Assessment Programme (Bharat NCAP) will serve as a consumer-centric platform, allowing customers to opt for safer cars based upon their Star-Ratings.
• It will promote a healthy competition among original equipment manufacturers (OEMs) in India to manufacture safer vehicles.
• Bharat NCAP will encourage manufacturers to participate voluntarily in the safety testing assessment programme and incorporate higher safety levels in new car models.
• The initiative is aimed at making mobility safer amid the country witnessing a total of 3,66,138 road accidents during the calendar year 2020, causing 1,31,714 deaths.

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International

Short Article

08-07-2022 | 15:51 PM

Partners in Blue Pacific

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• The US and its allies- Australia, New Zealand, Japan and the United Kingdom have launched a new initiative called 'Partners in the Blue Pacific'.
• The initiative is launched for "effective and efficient cooperation" with the region's small island nations.

About Partners in Blue Pacific

• The PBP is a five-nation "informal mechanism" to support Pacific islands and to boost diplomatic, economic ties in the region.
• It speaks of enhancing "prosperity, resilience, and security" in the Pacific through closer cooperation.
• It simply means that through the PBP, member countries together and individually will direct more resources for small island nations.

Focus areas

• The initiative members declared that they will "elevate Pacific regionalism", and forge stronger ties with the Pacific Islands Forum.
• In a joint statement released to announce the initiative, the five member nations said that the forum remains open to cooperating with additional partners.
• The areas where PBP aims to enhance cooperation include "climate crisis, connectivity and transportation, maritime security and protection, health, prosperity, and education".

Countering China's growing Pacific ambition?

• As China signed a security pact with Solomon Islands in April, the deal flagged serious concerns about the Chinese military getting a base in the southern Pacific, close to the US island territory of Guam, and right next to Australia and New Zealand.
• The deal, which boosted Beijing's quest to dominate crucial shipping lanes crisscrossing the region, rattled the US and its allies.

Strategic importance of Pacific

• Among the 10 largest standing armies in the world, 7 reside in the Indo-Pacific; and 6 countries in the region possess nuclear weapons.
• Nine of the world's 10 busiest seaports are in the region, and 60 percent of global maritime trade transits through Asia, with roughly one-third of global shipping passing through the South China Sea alone.

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Short Article

23-06-2022 | 13:03 PM

Renewable Energy 2022: Global Status Report

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• India ranked third globally for total renewable power capacity additions with 15.4 GW in 2021, following only China (136 GW) and the US (43 GW).

• The report was titled Renewable Energy 2022: Global Status Report published by REN21.

Renewable status in India in 2021

• It ranked fourth in total solar installations (60.4 GW) for the year 2021, overtaking Germany (59.2 GW) for the first time.

• India ranked third globally for the total installed capacity of wind power (40.1 GW), behind China, the US and Germany.

• India was the second-largest market in Asia for new solar PV capacity, and third globally.

Renewable Investment in India

• India investment in renewables for the year 2021 increased by 70% to $11.3 billion.

• India also extended its national Rs 18,100 crore ($24.3 billion) solar production programme.

• In 2021, after India increased its cap on solar PV installations under its net metering scheme, the country's rooftop PV market hit a record high.

Global Status

• The world, overall, added around 3,146 GW of total installed renewable power capacity in 2021.

• It is a spike of 11% from the previous year.

About REN21

• Renewable Energy Policy Network for the 21st Century (REN21) is a global renewable energy community of actors from science, governments, NGOs and industry.

• It provides up-to-date and peer-reviewed facts, figures and analysis of global developments in technology, policies and markets.

• More than 650 experts have contributed to the outcome of the report.

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Defense

Short Article

14-03-2022 | 18:09 PM

Accidental Firing of Missile on Pakistan

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• Recently India acknowledged that "technical malfunction led to the accidental firing of a missile".

• It was speculated that it was a test of one of India's top missiles, BrahMos.

What are the Provisions for Testing Missiles?

• Under the pre-notification of flight testing of ballistic missiles agreement signed in 2005, each country must provide the other an advance notification on the flight test it intends to take for any land or sea-launched, surface-to-surface ballistic missile.

• Before the test, the country must issue Notice to Air Missions (NOTAM) or Navigational Warning (NAVAREA) to alert aviation pilots and seafarers, respectively.

• Also, the testing country must ensure that the launch site is not within 40 km, and the planned impact area is not within 75 km of either the International Boundary (IB) or the Line of Control (LoC).

What is Brahmos Missile?

• It is an Indo-Russian joint venture, has a range of 290 km and is the fastest cruise missile in the world

• BrahMos is named on the rivers Brahmaputra and Moskva.

• It operates on the "Fire and Forgets" principle i.e it does not require further guidance after launch.

•  It can be fired from anywhere, is nuclear-capable, and can carry warheads of 200-300 kg.

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Science and Technology

Short Article

06-06-2022 | 18:36 PM

World's Fastest Supercomputer- FRONTIER

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• "Frontier", a supercomputer built by the U.S. Department of Energy's Oak Ridge National Laboratory (ORNL) has become the fastest supercomputer in the world.

• It has outperformed "Fugaku" built by Japan.

About "Frontier" supercomputer

• It has reached the Linmark benchmark score of 1.1 exaflops, making it the world's first supercomputer to break the exascale speed barrier.

• Fugaku, now at the second position, has a Linmark benchmark score of 442 petaflops.

• 1 exaflop is equivalent to 1,000 petaflops(Peta Floating-Point Operations per Second)

• Frontier is also ranked number one as the world's most energy-efficient supercomputer, on the Green500 list.

Technology used in "Frontier"

• Frontier is equipped with advanced micro devices (AMD).

• It has 8,730,112 total cores and is built on the latest HPE Cray EX235a architecture.

• Fugaku, the second most powerful supercomputer, has 7,630,848 cores.

India's Supercomputers

• Two of India's Supercomputers are in the top 100 in the Top500 list of fastest supercomputers in the world.

• Pratyush and PARAM -Siddhi are two supercomputers of India in top 100.

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Environment and Wildlife

Short Article

25-08-2022 | 13:19 PM

Country's first 2G Ethanol Plant

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• Prime Minister Narendra Modi recently inaugurated India's first "second generation (2G)" Ethanol plant in Panipat, Haryana.

• The plant is based on state-of-the-art indigenous technology and is built at an estimated cost of over Rs 900 crore by IOCL and is located close to the Panipat Refinery.

• The plant can utilize two lakh tonnes of rice straw annually to produce about 30 million liters of ethanol annually.

• It will produce 100 kilolitre ethanol per day, after processing 750-tonne paddy straw in a day.

• This plant would provide employment to around 250 people directly and to 1000 people indirectly.

• The plant is based on 'Enfinity' technology developed by private firm Praj Industries Limited.

• Through the reduction in the burning of rice straw (parali), the project will contribute to a reduction of Greenhouse Gases equivalent to about 3 lakh tonnes of Carbon Dioxide equivalent emissions per annum, which can be understood as equivalent to replacing nearly 63,000 cars annually on the country's roads.

• The first generation (1G) ethanol is manufactured from feedstock such as cereals, sugarcane juice and molasses as raw materials while Second Generation (2G) feed stocks include agri-residues like rice & wheat straw, cane trash, corn cobs & stover, cotton stalk, bagasse, Empty Fruit bunches (EFB), etc.

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Comprehensive News & Analysis

20-10-2021 | 17:52 PM

WHO: Revise Air Quality norms

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• The World Health Organisation (WHO) has announced a tight revision in its air quality guidelines (AQG). This is the first revision in the global air quality by WHO since 2005.

• In the new guidelines, WHO has lowered the acceptable exposure levels to key pollutants, including ozone, nitrogen dioxide, sulfur dioxide, carbon monoxide and particulate matter (PM).

Key Highlights:

• The guidelines recommend new air quality levels to protect the health of populations, by reducing levels of key air pollutants, some of which also contribute to climate change.

• By striving to achieve these guideline levels, countries will be both protecting health as well as mitigating global climate change.

• WHO move sets the stage for eventual shifts in policy in the government towards evolving newer stricter standards.

• WHO's new guidelines recommend air quality levels for 6 pollutants, where evidence has advanced the most on health effects from exposure. 6 classical pollutants include particulate matter (PM 2.5 and 10), ozone (O3), nitrogen dioxide (NO2) sulfur dioxide (SO2) and carbon monoxide (CO).

Impact on India

• The move does not have an immediate effect in India as the National Ambient Air Quality Standards (NAAQS) do not meet the WHO's existing standards.

• The government has a dedicated National Clean Air Programme that aims for a 20% to 30% reduction in particulate matter concentrations by 2024 in 122 cities, keeping 2017 as the base year

Steps taken by India:

• Under the National Clean Air Programme (NCAP), India is committed to minimise 20-30 percent of air pollution in cities.

• NCAP was launched in January 2019 by the MoEFCC. It is the first-ever effort in India to frame a national framework for the management of air quality with a time-bound reduction target.

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Economy

Short Article

08-07-2022 | 15:47 PM

Partnership for Global Infrastructure and Investment (PGII)

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• G7 countries recently launched the Partnership for Global Infrastructure and Investment (PGII).
• The Partnership for Global Infrastructure and Investment (PGII) was unveiled in Elmau, Germany during the G7 Summit.

About PGII

• This is an ambitious plan unveiled by US President Joe Biden and other G7 leaders to mobilize USD 600 billion in funding by 2027 to deliver transparent and game-changing infrastructure projects in developing countries like India.
• The US aims to mobilize $200 billion for PGII over the next 5 years through grants, Federal financing, and leveraging private sector investments.

What's there for India?

• U.S. International Development Finance Corporation (DFC) will invest up to USD 30 million in Omnivore Agritech and Climate Sustainability Fund.
• The Fund seeks to invest in companies that increase food security and promote both climate resilience and climate adaptation in India, as well as improve the profitability and agricultural productivity of smallholder farms.

Status of global infrastructure

• Internationally, infrastructure has long been underfunded, with over $40 trillion in estimated need in the developing world.
• Many low- and middle-income countries lack adequate access to high-quality financing that meets their long-term infrastructure investment needs.

How will the fund be provided?

• Grants
• Federal Funds
• Private Investments

How will the initiative benefit?

The initiative will be geared towards:

• Tackling climate change
• Improving global health
• Achieving gender equity
• Building digital infrastructure.]

About G7 countries

• The G7 is an informal forum of leading industrialized nations as per IMF, which include Canada, France, Germany, Italy, Japan, the United Kingdom and the United States.
• Representatives of the European Union are always present at the annual meeting of the heads of state and government of the G7.
• The G7, originally G8 (along with Russia), was set up in 1975 as an informal forum bringing together the leaders of the world's leading industrial nations.
• After annexation of Crimea by Russia in 2014, Russia was excluded from the grouping.

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Short Article

25-02-2022 | 18:10 PM

World Bank's REWARD Project

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• The World Bank, the Government of India, the State Governments of Karnataka, and Odisha, have signed a USD 115 million deal for the Rejuvenating Watersheds for Agricultural Resilience through Innovative Development (REWARD) Programme.

• It aims to help national and state governments adopt improved watershed management practices to help farmers become more resilient to climate change, improve incomes, and promote higher productivity.

• The objectives of the Project are to improve water and land conservations as well as prevent soil run-off, harvest rainwater, regenerate natural vegetation, and replenish the groundwater table.

• This project Is a joint initiative of the Department of Land Resources, Ministry of Rural Development in association with the World Bank.

• It is planned as a six-year project and is one of the largest water management programs around the world.

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Current Affairs

27-10-2021 | 15:47 PM

RBI Monetary Policy Committee

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• The Monetary Policy Committee (MPC) of the RBI kept the repo rate unchanged at 4 percent, in order to revive & sustain growth.

Key points:

• The Monetary Policy Committee has also ensured that inflation remains within the target. Reverse repo rate was also kept as earlier at 3.35 per cent.

• Marginal Standing Facility (MSF) rate and bank rate also remain unchanged at 4.25 per cent.

• For the financial year 2021-22, CPI inflation is projected at 5.3 per cent.

• As per RBI, food inflation is predicted to remain muted in upcoming months, as a result of record production of food-grains.

About Monetary Policy Committee (MPC):

• The RBI has a government-constituted Monetary Policy Committee (MPC) which is tasked with framing monetary policy using tools like the repo rate, reverse repo rate, bank rate, cash reserve ratio (CRR).

• It has been instituted by the Central Government of India under Section 45ZB of the RBI Act that was amended in 1934.

• Functions: The MPC is entrusted with the responsibility of deciding the different policy rates including MSF, Repo Rate, Reverse Repo Rate, and Liquidity Adjustment Facility.

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Miscellaneous

Short Article

03-08-2022 | 18:57 PM

India's Medals at Commonwealth games

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• So far, Indian athletes have won 9 medals, 3 gold, 3 silvers and 3 bronze, at the Commonwealth Games 2022.
• The Commonwealth Games 2022 are to be held between July 29 to August 8  Birmingham, England.

Gold Medals

• Star weightlifter Mirabai Chanu claimed India's first gold medal.
• Jeremy Lalrinnunga maintained country's dominance in the weightlifting arena when he claimed the second gold medal.
• While Weightlifter Achinta Sheuli clinched India's third gold in the Commonwealth Games.

Silver Medals

• Weightlifter Bindyarani Devi clinched a silver in the women's 55kg.
• Sanket Sargar, the Indian weightlifter opened the country's medal count at the Commonwealth Games by claiming a silver in the men's 55kg category.
• Judoku Shushila won Silver in Judo, women's 48 kg class.

Bronze Medals

• P. Gururaja clinched Bronze in the Men's 61 kg weight category.
• Vijay Kumar Yadav won Bronze in Judo, men's 60kg class.
• India's Harjinder Kaur claimed the bronze medal in the women's 71kg weightlifting competition.

About Commonwealth Games

• The Commonwealth Games, often referred to as the Friendly Games is a quadrennial international multi-sport event among athletes from the Commonwealth of Nations.
•  The event was first held in 1930, and, with the exception of 1942 and 1946, have successively run every four years since.
• The Commonwealth of Nations  is a political association of 56 member nations, the vast majority of which are former territories of the British Empire.

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Schemes & Policies

Comprehensive News & Analysis

24-04-2021 | 13:18 PM

Copyright (Amendment) Rules, 2021

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• The Government of India notifies Copyright (Amendment) Rules,2021. The amendment has been made to bring the existing Copyright rules in the country with parity with the other relevant legislation.

Key Highlights:

• In India, the copyright regime is governed by the Copyright Act, 1957 and the Copyright Rules, 2013.

• The Copyright Rules, 2013 were last amended in the year 2016.

• The objective of the amendments is to bring the existing rules in parity with other relevant legislations.

• Publication of a copyrights journal has been incorporated eliminating the requirement of publication in the Official Gazette.

• The journal would be available at the website of the Copyright Office.

• In order to encourage accountability and transparency, new provisions have been introduced to deal with the undistributed royalty amounts and the use of electronic and traceable payment methods while collecting and distributing royalties.

About Copyright:

• Copyright is intellectual property. It gives the owner the exclusive right to make copies of his or her creative work. It can be education, artistic, literary, or music.

• According to the World Intellectual Property Organisation, Copyright protects two types of rights. They are Economic rights and moral rights.

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